Seasonal changes often lead to changing weather conditions and increase the risk of disease, especially in children. These transitions can cause a spike in childhood illnesses such as colds, fevers, which can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and reduced energy levels.
Unfortunately, hydration is often overlooked in these health conditions, which significantly affects recovery. Understanding the relationship between hydration, immunity and recovery is critical to supporting children with these conditions.
Dehydration and its effect on immunity
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Prof. Dr. N.L. Sridhar (Paediatrician, LL.B., Professor, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad; Director, NEO BBC Hospital, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad; and Practitioner at Safe Kids Clinic, Namalagundu Junction, Seethaphalamandi, Secunderabad) shared, “Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in, leading to an imbalance of major electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride. These electrolytes play an important role in maintaining cellular function, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction.”
He added: “Because of their higher body surface area to volume ratio, babies have more body surface area to lose fluid through their skin when they have a fever. Young children often have difficulty communicating thirst or drinking enough water, leading to dehydration. When children are dehydrated, their immune systems can weaken, making them more vulnerable to infections. Some signs of dehydration include dry mouth, dark urine, lethargy and dizziness. If these symptoms persist, see a doctor immediately.”
How seasonal illnesses lead to dehydration
Doctor N. L. Sridhar said, “During seasonal changes, non-diarrheal diseases like fever, viral infections, nausea are common among children. Fever increases sweating and fluid loss, while nausea and vomiting decrease fluid and food intake. This double exposure leads to fluid, electrolyte and energy deficits that can significantly delay recovery.”
- Fever: An increase in body temperature of one degree Celsius can lead to a 10% increase in fluid loss, leading to dehydration.
- Poor appetite: The disease often leads to a decrease in food intake, which causes a lack of carbohydrates, which are the main source of energy for the body.
Without adequate hydration and energy replenishment, the body can begin to break down muscle proteins to meet energy needs, leading to fatigue and long-term illness.
Emphasizing the role of fluid, electrolyte, and energy deficits (FEE) in supporting recovery
To counteract the effects of dehydration, it is essential to focus on replenishing fluids, electrolytes and energy. Doctor N. L. Sridhar emphasized, “The Indian Academy of Paediatrics emphasizes that a child should be well hydrated during a fever as children may lose more fluids during a fever. Although water is important, it may not be enough to correct electrolyte and energy deficits. Also, parents often encourage their children to drink natural liquids like coconut water and clear homemade soups, etc. d. However, sometimes these home fluids may be inappropriate due to different electrolytes, preparation errors, and may not provide adequate rehydration.’
He suggested: “Ready-to-use formulations with scientifically balanced electrolyte and energy composition are particularly beneficial as they provide consistent quality and taste. Trace elements such as copper, zinc and selenium, vitamin C, etc. are also important to support immune function and act as antioxidants. Some ready-to-drink formats contain electrolytes and micronutrients such as zinc and selenium, which are known to boost hydration and immunity, helping with faster recovery and fighting off non-diarrheal illnesses. Also, being an RTD, they are convenient and can be used on the go.”
The role of electrolytes in recovery
According to Dr. N. L. Sridhara, electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and magnesium are vital for recovery during seasonal illnesses.
- Sodium promotes fluid absorption and retention, maintaining hydration.
- Potassium supports muscle function, which is common during dehydration.
- magnesium promotes cell regeneration and energy production, helping the immune system recover more effectively.
By restoring these electrolytes, the body can effectively fight disease and slow recovery.
The importance of timely intervention
Early detection and treatment of dehydration and energy deficiency can greatly improve recovery in children. Dr. N. L. Sridhar explained: “Seasonal changes present a unique challenge to children’s health, with dehydration and electrolyte imbalances being major concerns during non-diarrheal illness. Staying properly hydrated, replenishing electrolytes and ensuring adequate energy intake are important steps in supporting immunity and helping children recover faster.”
He recommended: “Choosing ready-to-drink micronutrient electrolyte fluids provides a convenient and effective solution for managing hydration and immunity amid seasonal changes. Parents should remain alert for signs of dehydration and consult pediatricians for appropriate care. By prioritizing hydration and meeting energy needs, we can better teach children to navigate seasonal transitions with resilience and good health.”
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is scientific fact only and is not a substitute for any professional advice. Please consult your doctor/nutritionist for more information on managing dehydration during infections.
